What are the advantages and disadvantages of using turbocharging and supercharging systems in automotive engines to increase power output and improve performance by compressing intake air for greater volumetric efficiency and combustion pressure?

Turbocharging and supercharging systems increase power output and improve engine performance by compressing intake air, increasing the density of the air-fuel mixture and enabling more efficient combustion. Turbochargers use exhaust gases to drive a turbine connected to a compressor, providing additional boost pressure to the intake manifold. Superchargers, on the other hand, are driven directly by the engine’s crankshaft and deliver instant power without lag. While turbocharging and supercharging systems enhance performance, they may also increase engine complexity, add weight, and require additional cooling and lubrication systems, resulting in higher manufacturing costs and potential reliability issues.