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A tree trunk typically has three main layers:
1. Bark: The outermost layer that protects the tree from physical damage and pathogens.
2. Cortex: Located just inside the bark, it consists of living cells that store nutrients.
3. Xylem: Also known as the wood, it is the innermost layer responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the tree. The xylem includes:
* Sapwood: The younger, actively transporting part of the xylem.
* Heartwood: The older, non-living part of the xylem, which provides structural support.
These layers collectively contribute to the tree’s growth, stability, and overall health.