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The small intestine is involved in the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients. The large intestine is involved in the absorption of water and in the production of vitamins.
The large intestine, also known as the colon, primarily absorbs water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter, forming solid waste (stool) to be excreted. Unlike the small intestine, which is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption, the large intestine focuses on reclaiming water and maintaining fluid balance in the body. The large intestine also hosts a diverse community of gut bacteria that play a role in digestion, immunity, and overall health.