How does the carbon cycle regulate the distribution and cycling of carbon compounds between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere through processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, combustion, weathering, and sedimentation, influencing Earth's climate, ecosystems, and carbon sequestration capacities?

The carbon cycle describes the movement of carbon compounds between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere through various processes. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is taken up by plants during photosynthesis, converting it into organic carbon compounds that are stored in plant tissues. Animals consume these carbon compounds by eating plants or other animals, releasing CO2 through respiration. Decomposition of organic matter by bacteria and fungi also releases CO2 back into the atmosphere. Combustion of fossil fuels and biomass contributes additional CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Weathering of rocks and sediments and the dissolution of carbonates in water also influence the cycling of carbon compounds. The carbon cycle plays a crucial role in regulating Earth’s climate by influencing atmospheric CO2 levels, which in turn affect global temperatures, ocean acidity, and ecosystem dynamics.