How does rain influence the formation and distribution of natural hazards such as landslides, avalanches, and debris flows in mountainous regions?

Rainfall can trigger natural hazards such as landslides, avalanches, and debris flows in mountainous regions by saturating slopes, reducing soil stability, and increasing the risk of mass movements. Heavy rainfall can overload the weight-bearing capacity of slopes, leading to slope failures and hazardous conditions for human settlements, infrastructure, and transportation networks.