How does global warming affect the distribution and abundance of plant and animal species in terrestrial ecosystems?

Global warming affects the distribution and abundance of plant and animal species in terrestrial ecosystems by altering temperature and precipitation patterns, leading to shifts in habitat ranges, phenology, and species interactions, with some species migrating poleward or to higher elevations, while others face habitat loss, fragmentation, and increased competition, influencing ecosystem dynamics, biodiversity, and ecosystem services.