How do “jump scares” function psychologically, and why do they remain a popular device in horror films?

Jump scares function by exploiting the element of surprise, creating a sudden and intense burst of fear. Psychologically, they trigger a startle response, which is a primal reaction to perceived threats. Despite their frequent use, jump scares remain popular because they offer an immediate, visceral shock that can be highly effective when used sparingly. They also serve to break the tension or reset the suspense, providing a momentary release before the narrative ramps up again. When used judiciously, jump scares can enhance the overall horror experience by adding moments of abrupt intensity.