How do complex adaptive systems exhibit emergent properties and self-organization, and what are some examples from nature, society, and technology? Additionally, how can the study of complex adaptive systems inform strategies for managing systemic risks and fostering resilience in interconnected systems?

Complex adaptive systems are composed of multiple interacting components that exhibit nonlinear dynamics, feedback loops, and adaptive behavior. Examples include ecosystems, economies, social networks, and the Internet. Understanding the principles of emergence and self-organization in complex systems can inform strategies for managing systemic risks such as financial crises, pandemics, and climate change by promoting diversity, redundancy, and adaptability.