How are quantum error correction techniques used to mitigate the effects of noise and decoherence in quantum computing systems?

Quantum error correction techniques use redundant encoding and error detection codes to protect quantum information from errors caused by noise, decoherence, and other sources of interference in quantum computing systems. Quantum error correction codes such as the surface code and the stabilizer codes enable fault-tolerant quantum computation by encoding logical qubits into multiple physical qubits and detecting and correcting errors through error syndromes.