Discuss the chemistry and properties of reactive dyes and their applications in textile dyeing and printing.

Reactive dyes are a class of synthetic dyes that chemically react with the fibers of textiles to form covalent bonds, resulting in durable and wash-fast coloration. They are commonly used to dye cellulosic fibers such as cotton, rayon, and linen due to their excellent color yield, color fastness, and compatibility with various dyeing techniques. Reactive dyes offer a wide range of vibrant colors and can be used in processes such as immersion dyeing, printing, and garment washing to achieve desired effects and designs in textile products.