Define the concept of biodiversity and discuss its importance in ecological systems.

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms present in an ecosystem, including species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It encompasses the richness and complexity of living organisms and the interactions among them. Biodiversity is essential for maintaining ecological balance, as it supports ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling, pollination, and pest control. High levels of biodiversity also provide resilience to ecosystems, making them more resistant to environmental changes and disturbances. Conservation of biodiversity is crucial for preserving Earth’s ecosystems and ensuring the sustainability of life on our planet.