Several techniques are commonly used as part of financial statement analysis. Three of the most important techniques are horizontal analysis, vertical analysis, and ratio analysis. Horizontal analysis compares data horizontally, by analyzing values of line items across two or more years. Vertical analysis looks at the vertical effects that line items have on other parts of the business and the business’s proportions. Ratio analysis uses important ratio metrics to calculate statistical relationships.

The word bibliomania, inspired by the French bibliomanie, combines the Greek roots biblio, “book,” and mania, “madness” or “frenzy.” If you love books as physical objects, and you collect them furiously or compulsively, that’s bibliomania. Merely loving to read might instead be called bibliophilia, with philia meaning “fondness” or “love.” If your bibliomania interferes with your life, it might even be categorized as a hording disorder.

An ale is a particular style of beer that is, at its most basic, defined by the yeast used during the fermentation process.Ales are brewed using yeast that tends to flocculate or gather toward the top of the fermentation tank during the brewing process. This is the primary difference between an ale and a lager because lagers use a bottom-fermenting yeast that produces that crisper flavor in the final brew.