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What is a SMTP port?
Ports are endpoints that individual servers use to connect to a network and retrieve data. Think of it like an old school switchboard with a technician plugging the incoming call into a jack to connect it to a specific phone. An SMTP port is a port designed to direct email through a network to its rRead more
Ports are endpoints that individual servers use to connect to a network and retrieve data. Think of it like an old school switchboard with a technician plugging the incoming call into a jack to connect it to a specific phone. An SMTP port is a port designed to direct email through a network to its recipient.
The most important SMTP ports are:
*Port 25
*Port 587
*Port 465
The thing is, not all SMTP ports are equal. Choosing the wrong one could have negative consequences and reflect poorly on you as a sender.
See lessWhat is Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP)?
As the technology behind email communication, SMTP is the protocol that allows you to send and receive emails. Without it, email communication would be nonexistent since SMTP determines which servers will receive your relay messages. S = Simple: SMTP is designed to be straightforward and easy to impRead more
As the technology behind email communication, SMTP is the protocol that allows you to send and receive emails. Without it, email communication would be nonexistent since SMTP determines which servers will receive your relay messages.
S = Simple: SMTP is designed to be straightforward and easy to implement.
M = Mail: SMTP is built to send email messages across networks.
T = Transfer: SMTP is responsible for transferring email messages from one server to another.
P = Protocol: SMTP is a set of rules (or protocols) that lets different email systems and servers communicate with each other.
As the “T” in its name indicates, SMTP is a transport protocol: All it does is move messages from point A to point B.Like many other Internet protocols, SMTP is intended to be used on top of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which guarantees reliable delivery of the individual packets that make up a conversation.The use of IP means that we can depend on SMTP to eventually get the message contents to a server, but what happens to it after that is up to the server.
See lessWhat is the difference between Hub,Switch and a Router?
Routers connect multiple networks and determine the best path for data transmission based on IP addresses. Switches connect devices within a network and enable efficient data transfer using MAC addresses. Hubs, on the other hand, simply broadcast data to all connected devices. Each device plays a unRead more
Routers connect multiple networks and determine the best path for data transmission based on IP addresses. Switches connect devices within a network and enable efficient data transfer using MAC addresses. Hubs, on the other hand, simply broadcast data to all connected devices. Each device plays a unique role in network communication, with routers managing network connectivity, switches facilitating device-level communication, and hubs providing basic connectivity without intelligent decision-making capabilities.
See lessWhat are Dumb Terminals?
A dumb terminal is a display screen and input device (often a keyboard) that has little to no processing capabilities. Instead, it relies entirely on a central computer (a mainframe) to process data and commands. Dumb terminals simply serve as an interface for users to interact with the central systRead more
A dumb terminal is a display screen and input device (often a keyboard) that has little to no processing capabilities. Instead, it relies entirely on a central computer (a mainframe) to process data and commands. Dumb terminals simply serve as an interface for users to interact with the central system.
See lessExamples: Like PNR status checking booth at Railway stations. They have a Cathode Ray Tube (Screen), a Keyboard, or screen with touch input and gives the output on the screen.
what is network topology?
Network Topologies describes the physical layout i.e. how cables, nodes and connection devices are linked or organised together. (1) Bus Network Topology -Set of nodes connected to single communication line. (2) Star Network Topology -Node send electronics signal to the hub, and then to the remaininRead more
Network Topologies describes the physical layout i.e. how cables, nodes and connection devices are linked or organised together.
See less(1) Bus Network Topology -Set of nodes connected to single communication line.
(2) Star Network Topology -Node send electronics signal to the hub, and then to the remaining computers on the network.
(3) Mesh Network Topology – In this, each node in the network has a connection with other node in the network.
(4) Ring Network Topology – It is a network topology each node connects to exactly two other nodes forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node like a ring.
What are the defects in Timber due to Defective Conversion?
Boxed Heart: This term is applied to the timber, which is sawn in a way that the pith or the center heart falls entirely within the surface throughout its length. Machine Burnt: Overheating is the main reason for this defect. Machine Notches: defective holding and pulling causes this defect. Miscut:Read more
Boxed Heart: This term is applied to the timber, which is sawn in a way that the pith or the center heart falls entirely within the surface throughout its length.
See lessMachine Burnt: Overheating is the main reason for this defect.
Machine Notches: defective holding and pulling causes this defect.
Miscut: erroneous cutting or sawing of wood causes this defect. Lack of experience in sawing and carelessness is the main reason for erroneous cutting.
Imperfect Grain: Mismatch in grain alignment.
What are the defects in Timber due to Defective Seasoning?
Faulty method of seasoning causes serious defects in woods. During seasoning of timber, exterior or surface layer of the timber dries before the interior surface. So, stress is developed due to the difference in shrinkage. In a perfect seasoning process, stress is kept minimum by controlling the shrRead more
Faulty method of seasoning causes serious defects in woods. During seasoning of timber, exterior or surface layer of the timber dries before the interior surface. So, stress is developed due to the difference in shrinkage. In a perfect seasoning process, stress is kept minimum by controlling the shrinkage. Some of the defects resulting from defective seasoning are as follows:-
Bow: Curvature formed in direction of the length of the timber is called bow.
See lessCup: Curvature formed in the transverse direction of the timber is called a cup.
Check: Check is a kind of crack that separates fibers, but it doesn’t extend from one end to another.
Split: Split is a special type of check that extends from one end to another.
Honey Combing: Stress is developed in the heartwood during the drying process or seasoning. For these stresses, cracks are created in the form of honeycomb texture.
What are the defects in Timber due to Attack by Fungi?
The defects in Timber due to Fungal Attack are: Stain: When fungi feed only on sapwood, where the food materials are stored, it causes a stain. Heartwood doesn’t contain these kinds of food materials and is not affected by it. Stain action causes color but does not affect the strength of the wood. DRead more
The defects in Timber due to Fungal Attack are:
See lessStain: When fungi feed only on sapwood, where the food materials are stored, it causes a stain. Heartwood doesn’t contain these kinds of food materials and is not affected by it. Stain action causes color but does not affect the strength of the wood.
Decay: wood eating or wood destroying fungus is responsible for this type of defect in wood. This type of fungi breaks down the cell structure. Both sapwood and heartwood are affected by them. Considerable strength reduction occurs.
What are the defects in Timber due to Attack by Insects?
Insects like beetles, termites or marine boars eat wood, make holes and weaken the strength of the wood. Beetles are small insects that make holes in almost all the sapwoods. The larvae make tunnels through the sapwood in all directions and turn wood into powder. Termites live in a colony. They areRead more
Insects like beetles, termites or marine boars eat wood, make holes and weaken the strength of the wood.
Beetles are small insects that make holes in almost all the sapwoods. The larvae make tunnels through the sapwood in all directions and turn wood into powder.
Termites live in a colony. They are very fast in eating woods and making tunnels through it. Only a few good kinds of wood can withstand the action of termites.
Marine boars are found in salt water. Usually, they make tunnels in wood to take refuge or shelter. All kinds of wood or timber are vulnerable to this kind of insect.
See lessWhat are the defects in Timber due to Natural Forces?
1.Knots: Knots are the most common defects caused due to natural forces.During the growth of a tree,branches close to the ground or lower branches die. Bases of those branches remain in the tree as the trees grow. These bases may create imperfection known as knots. Types of Knots: Knots are of two tRead more
1.Knots: Knots are the most common defects caused due to natural forces.During the growth of a tree,branches close to the ground or lower branches die. Bases of those branches remain in the tree as the trees grow. These bases may create imperfection known as knots.
See lessTypes of Knots: Knots are of two types.
*Dead knots: The remains of damaged branches after drying out they become loose and fall out.
*Live knots: They are sound and firm. If small, are not great of a defect.
Live knots are usually not a problem as they remain firmly attached to the timber. But in dead knots, they are loosely attached and reduce strength. Knots decrease the strength of the wood and thus lower its value for structural uses. Knots cause serious defects when the load is perpendicular to the grains.
2.Twist: Twist in timber rotates the ends of the timber in opposite directions. The main reason behind this defect is twisting of the trees by the strong wind.
3.Shakes: Shakes are timber defects that occur around the annual ring or growth ring of a timber. In other words, cracks or splits in the woods are called shakes.
It may or may not be a structural problem depending upon depth and use. The main problem is aesthetic. Where the appearance is important, shakes are undesirable.
Types of shakes: Shakes can be classified into three main categories:-
*Star Shakes: This type of shake starts propagating from the bark towards the sapwood and sometimes even towards the heartwood along the lines of medullary rays. Cracks are wider on the outer edge or bark and narrower on the inside (usually sapwood, sometimes heartwood). The main reasons behind star shakes are extreme heat or frosting during the growth of the trees and rapid or uneven seasoning after cutting off the timber. Extreme heat or frost causes temperature difference, which causes shrinkage leading to the crack.
*Cup and/or Ring Shakes: Cup shakes follow the annual growth ring. It is capable to separate the growth ring partially or completely. When the crack separates the annual ring completely, it is called ring shakes. So, all ring shakes are cup shakes, but all cup shakes are not a ring shape. Excessive frost action is the main reason for this type of crack.
*Heart Shakes: Unlike star shakes, heart shakes starts propagating from the pith to the sapwood along the lines of medullary rays. Shrinkage of the interior part of the timber causes this crack.
*Rind Galls: THe meaning of rind is bark and gall is abnormal growth. So abnormal growth of the bark of the trees is called rind galls. Improper cutting of branches causes this abnormal growth. Wood from this portion of the timber lacks strength and desirable in structure.
*Upsets: Upsets in various wood indicate that the tree was subjected to crushing or compression. Improper felling of trees, heavy wind blowing during the young age of the tree these are the main reasons behind this type of defect.