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Chromatography is based on the
Chromatography is based on the principle where molecules in mixture applied onto the surface or into the solid, and fluid stationary phase (stable phase) is separating from each other while moving with the aid of a mobile phase.
Chromatography is based on the principle where molecules in mixture applied onto the surface or into the solid, and fluid stationary phase (stable phase) is separating from each other while moving with the aid of a mobile phase.
See lessThe purity of a solute collected between two times t1 and t2 during chromatographic separation can be calculated as
The purity of a solute collected between two times t1 and t2 during chromatographic separation can be calculated as amount of solvent eluted / amount of impurity eluted.
The purity of a solute collected between two times t1 and t2 during chromatographic separation can be calculated as amount of solvent eluted / amount of impurity eluted.
See lessFor the extractions operation, the selectivity should be
The selectivity between the 2 solutes A and B is defined as the ratio of the distribution coefficient of A to the distribution coefficient of B. For all useful extraction operation the selectivity must exceed unity. If the selectivity is unity, no separation is possible.
The selectivity between the 2 solutes A and B is defined as the ratio of the distribution coefficient of A to the distribution coefficient of B. For all useful extraction operation the selectivity must exceed unity. If the selectivity is unity, no separation is possible.
See lessWhich of the following is considered as a pretreatment to the biological feeds?
Pretreatment with hot water, alkaline solution, and dilute acid are the most commonly used biomass pretreatment technologies. These approaches have both advantages and disadvantages. The pretreatment method chosen is primarily determined by the type of biomass to be treated.
Pretreatment with hot water, alkaline solution, and dilute acid are the most commonly used biomass pretreatment technologies. These approaches have both advantages and disadvantages. The pretreatment method chosen is primarily determined by the type of biomass to be treated.
See lessThe solvent flux across the membrane can be expressed as (where A is the area, Lp is the membrane permeability, σ is the reflection point, Δp is applied pressure and Δπ is the osmotic pressure)
The chemistry formula for osmotic pressure (π) is π = nRTV, where n represents the number of moles of solute particles, R is the ideal gas constant, T is the absolute temperature in kelvin, and V is the volume of the solution.
The chemistry formula for osmotic pressure (π) is π = nRTV, where n represents the number of moles of solute particles, R is the ideal gas constant, T is the absolute temperature in kelvin, and V is the volume of the solution.
See lessStart up expenses in a fermentation industry varies from
The fermentation operating costs per unit volume and per unit time will vary somewhat but will hold generally within a reasonably narrow range.
The fermentation operating costs per unit volume and per unit time will vary somewhat but will hold generally within a reasonably narrow range.
See lessMicro filtration refers to the separation of suspended material such as bacteria by using a membrane with spore sizes of
Membranes with a pore size of 0.1 – 10 µm perform micro filtration. Microfiltration membranes remove all bacteria.
Membranes with a pore size of 0.1 – 10 µm perform micro filtration. Microfiltration membranes remove all bacteria.
See lessFor cost analysis in a fermentor system, the depreciation cost varies from
Depreciated cost measures the value of an asset after subtracting accumulated depreciation. There are four methods for calculating depreciated costs: the straight-line method, the double declining balance depreciation method, the units of production depreciation method, and the sum of years digits mRead more
Depreciated cost measures the value of an asset after subtracting accumulated depreciation. There are four methods for calculating depreciated costs: the straight-line method, the double declining balance depreciation method, the units of production depreciation method, and the sum of years digits method.
See lessThe rate equation in non-competitive inhibition based on Michaelis Menten equation is given by
The Michaelis-Menten equation with a competitive inhibitor present: vo = Vmax[S]/(aKM + [S] ) ,
The Michaelis-Menten equation with a competitive inhibitor present: vo = Vmax[S]/(aKM + [S] ) ,
See lessAn enzyme has a Km of 4.7 x 10-5M. If the Vmax of the preparation is 22m moles liter-1 min-1, what velocity would be observed in the presence of 2.0 x 10-4M substrate and 5.0 x 10-5M of a competitive inhibitor?
In the presence of a competitive inhibitor, the observed velocity is determined by the concentration of the substrate and the inhibitor. Given a Km of4.7x10^-5 M and substrate concentration of2x10^-4 M, the velocity is calculated using the Michaelis-Menten equation. For a competitive inhibitor, theRead more
In the presence of a competitive inhibitor, the observed velocity is determined by the concentration of the substrate and the inhibitor. Given a Km of4.7×10^-5 M and substrate concentration of2x10^-4 M, the velocity is calculated using the Michaelis-Menten equation. For a competitive inhibitor, the observed velocity would be 7.3 µmoles. Litre^-1. Min^-1. This is because the inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site, affecting the effective concentration of substrate.
In the case of a non-competitive inhibitor, the inhibitor binds to a different site on the enzyme, altering its conformation and reducing the enzyme’s activity. In this scenario, the observed velocity would be 6.6 µmoles.Litre^-1. Min^-1. This value is lower than that of the competitive inhibitor, indicating a stronger inhibitory effect.
When an uncompetitive inhibitor is present, it only binds to the enzyme-substrate complex. This means that it can only act once the substrate has already bound to the enzyme. With this inhibitor, the observed velocity would be 10.4 µmoles. Litre^-1. Min^-1. This value is higher compared to the competitive and non-competitive inhibitors, suggesting a lesser inhibitory effect.
See less