A food web is a complex network of interconnected food chains within an ecological community. It illustrates how different species are related through their feeding relationships and energy flow. In a food web:
* Producers (Autotrophs): These are typically plants and algae that produce energy through photosynthesis.
* Primary Consumers (Herbivores): These animals eat producers.
* Secondary Consumers (Carnivores): These animals eat primary consumers.
* Tertiary Consumers (Top Predators): These are carnivores that eat secondary consumers.
* Decomposers (Detritivores): These organisms, like bacteria and fungi, break down dead plants and animals, returning essential nutrients to the ecosystem.
A food web provides a more accurate representation of how energy and nutrients circulate within an ecosystem compared to a linear food chain, as it shows the multiple feeding relationships and interactions among different species.

Gully erosion is a severe form of soil erosion that occurs when water running along small channels or streams becomes concentrated and removes significant amounts of soil from the landscape. This process creates deep, narrow channels known as gullies, which can expand over time and cause substantial environmental damage.

An operating system (OS) is software that manages computer hardware and provides services for computer programs. It serves as an intermediary between computer hardware and user applications, handling tasks like memory management, process management, file management, and hardware abstraction. Examples include Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, and Android, each tailored for specific devices and user needs.