Green plants are commonly referred to as producers in ecological terms. They are called producers because they are capable of producing their own food through the process of photosynthesis, using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to synthesize glucose (a form of carbohydrate) and oxygen. This ability to produce their own food forms the foundation of most ecosystems, as other organisms depend on them directly or indirectly for energy and nutrients.

A moving freshwater ecosystem is called a lotic ecosystem. Lotic ecosystems refer to flowing water habitats such as rivers, streams, and creeks. These ecosystems are characterized by the continuous movement of water, which influences the organisms living within them and the physical features of the ecosystem itself. Lotic ecosystems support diverse communities of plants, animals, and microorganisms adapted to flowing water conditions.

The branch of biology that is concerned with the inter-relationship between plants and animals is called “Ecology.” Ecology studies how organisms interact with each other and their environment, including relationships between plants and animals, as well as their interactions with abiotic factors like climate and soil.

Minamata disease is caused by pollution of water with methylmercury. This severe neurological syndrome occurred in Minamata, Japan, in the mid-20th century due to industrial discharge of methylmercury into Minamata Bay. Consumption of contaminated fish and shellfish by local residents led to widespread poisoning and neurological damage, resulting in Minamata disease.

Achanakmar Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve is located in the state of Chhattisgarh, India. This biosphere reserve is known for its rich biodiversity and is named after the two main regions it encompasses: Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary and Amarkantak Plateau. It was designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 2005.