How are pickles (achaar) prepared in Indian households, and what are some popular varieties?

Indian pickles, known as achaar, are made by preserving fruits or vegetables in a mixture of oil, salt, and spices. The process of pickling involves marinating the ingredients in a seasoned brine or vinegar solution, allowing them to ferment and develop complex flavors over time. Common varieties of Indian pickles include mango pickle, lime pickle, and mixed vegetable pickle, each with its own combination of spices and seasonings. Pickles are typically enjoyed as condiments alongside meals, adding a tangy and spicy kick to dishes like rice, bread, and curry.