Explain the concept of meta-programming in Object-Oriented Programming and provide examples of how it can be applied.

Meta-programming is the writing of programs that manipulate other programs (or themselves) as data. In OOP, meta-programming techniques include reflection, where programs can inspect and modify their own structure and behavior at runtime, and code generation, where programs generate source code or modify existing code dynamically. Examples include frameworks that use reflection to dynamically load and invoke classes and methods, or code generators that automatically generate repetitive boilerplate code based on templates.