What are some strategies for combating viral infections, particularly those for which vaccines are not yet available?

In the absence of vaccines, combating viral infections relies on various strategies:
Implementing strict hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and surface disinfection, to reduce viral transmission.
Developing and administering antiviral medications that target specific stages of the viral replication cycle, inhibiting viral spread within the body.
Utilizing passive immunization, where antibodies produced from convalescent individuals or animals are administered to patients to provide temporary immunity.
Practicing quarantine and isolation measures to prevent the spread of the virus in affected communities.
Conducting research to better understand the virus’s biology, transmission dynamics, and potential vulnerabilities, which can inform the development of vaccines and therapeutics.