What role do wetlands play in natural wastewater treatment?
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Wetlands can act as natural filters, removing pollutants and nutrients from wastewater through processes like sedimentation, filtration, and biological uptake by plants and microbes.
Filtering contaminants: Wetland plants and soil microbes absorb, metabolize, and break down pollutants, improving water quality.
Nutrient removal: Wetlands effectively remove excess nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus through plant uptake and microbial processes, preventing eutrophication.
Sedimentation: Slow-flowing water in wetlands allows suspended solids and sediments to settle, reducing turbidity and removing particulate matter from wastewater.
Pathogen reduction: Wetland vegetation and soil provide habitat for beneficial bacteria and organisms that can help break down pathogens and reduce microbial contamination.
Habitat enhancement: Wetlands support diverse flora and fauna, contributing to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem resilience.