What is the Role of Alveolar Macrophages in the Lungs?
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Alveolar macrophages in the lungs are specialised cells that are present in the epithelial surface of alveoli. This is the site where gaseous exchange is facilitated. These macrophages serve as the first line of defence in the respiratory system. These cells conduct surveillance of inhaled air for pathogens, allergens, particulate matter and environmental pollutants.
It is involved in phagocytosis of foreign particles- the process of engulfing and digestion of microorganisms, debris and dead cells. It efficiently clears bacteria, viruses, fungal spores, and particulate matter. Alveolar macrophages further maintain sterility in the lower respiratory tract and further prevent infection.