What is El-Nino and La-Nina ?
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El Niño and La Niña are two phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is a climate pattern in the Pacific Ocean that affects global weather.
El Niño:
Definition: A phenomenon characterized by the warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean.
Effects: It can lead to altered weather patterns, such as increased rainfall in the eastern Pacific (like the west coast of South America) and droughts in the western Pacific (like Australia and Indonesia). El Niño often causes more intense storms and can disrupt fisheries and agriculture.
La Niña:
Definition: The opposite phase, marked by cooler than average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific.
Effects: La Niña typically brings wetter conditions to the western Pacific and drier conditions to the eastern Pacific. It can enhance hurricane activity in the Atlantic and lead to colder winters in some regions.