What are some challenges in developing autonomous underwater robots, and how do researchers address issues such as communication limitations, navigation accuracy, and energy efficiency in designing underwater robotic systems for marine exploration, oceanography, and underwater archaeology?

Challenges include maintaining communication links, accurate localization, and energy management in underwater environments with limited visibility and communication range. Researchers develop acoustic communication systems, inertial navigation algorithms, and energy-efficient propulsion methods to enable autonomous underwater robots to operate effectively for extended periods and explore remote or deep-sea locations for scientific research or commercial applications.