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The 86th Amendment to the Constitution of India, enacted in 2002, introduced the Right to Education as a fundamental right. This amendment made the following key changes:
Article 21A: It inserted Article 21A into the Constitution, which guarantees the right to free and compulsory education for all children aged 6 to 14 years.
Article 45: It modified the Directive Principles of State Policy under Article 45, directing the state to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.
Article 51A (k): It added a new clause to Article 51A, which made it a fundamental duty of parents or guardians to provide opportunities for education to their children or wards between the ages of 6 and 14 years.
The 86th Amendment introduced the fundamental rights of free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.
The amendment makes it the duty of the State to ensure that every child within the specified age group receives compulsory education.