Why does the pupil of our eye contract in bright light?
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The pupil of our eye contracts in bright light as a protective response to prevent excessive light from entering the eye and damaging the retina. This process is controlled by a reflex called the pupillary light reflex
The eye in many ways is like a camera. The camera’s aperture is the part that expands and contracts to let in more or less light. The pupil works in a similar fashion.
It will get very small in bright light to physically block the amount of light reaching the retina and will open wide in the darkness. This helps to protect the retina and process the image better.