Energy flows in an Ecosystem is always?
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Energy flows in an ecosystem is always unidirectional. It enters the ecosystem through primary producers (like plants) that capture sunlight or chemical energy through processes like photosynthesis. From there, energy flows through the ecosystem via feeding relationships, moving from producers to herbivores (primary consumers), and then to carnivores (secondary and higher-level consumers).
Throughout these transfers, energy is constantly being used by organisms for various metabolic activities and is eventually dissipated as heat. This process is represented by the energy pyramid, where energy decreases as it moves up trophic levels due to energy loss at each transfer, primarily as heat. Therefore, energy flows through the ecosystem in a one-way direction, from producers to consumers, and is not recycled like nutrients.